Roman Alphabet

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
Greek alphabet
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
Formal was for documents and a quick, informal style for regular writing.

Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
They refine the art of handwriting.

From where did serifs originate?
When stonemasons added hooks so the chisel wouldn't slip.

When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
They developed to for sorting sentences.

What is a ligature and why were they utilized?
They are two characters that have been joined into one. They were used when the same characters were  next to each other.

Greek

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
Phoenicians regularly traveled to greece.

How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?
The consonants were adapted to be vowels 

Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
Has given rise to many other alphabets including the latin alphabet.

Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets.
They used a more neat writing when writing formal scripts, and wrote quickly when doing routine writing.

Phoenican Alphabet

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
One sign represents a sound

Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
Sylus, they looked angular and straight.

What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
Was easy to learn. Also the trading of the Phoenician people helped spread it around.

What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?

Its simplicity allowed it to be learned easily and could be used in multiple languages.

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt? .
 Persians, Greeks and Romans.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?Carved and painted images on every wall and surface.
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?Cuniform
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?Logo- represents ideas or objects. Alpha- used for document writing.
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?Hireo- Sacred. Gyphic- Engraved or writing
What is a scribe? A person who knows how to read and write.
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?Military leaders, so that they could communicate while in battle.
 

What is papyrus and how was it made?Reeds that are crossed together, then flattened to be smooth.
What is a substrate?Building material
What were the Books of the Dead?A set of spells and instructions to get to the afterlife
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?All of the people who could read them left and died after the Romans took over.

What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?Stone containing the same inscription on it, but in 3 different languages. It was discovered just outside of Rosetta Egypt.
What three languages are included on the stone?Egyptian hieroglyphics, demotic and Greek.
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?Because a chunk of the stone was missing. And none of the three texts were absolutely complete
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?Jean Francios Champlloin. He matched the Hieroglyphic symbols with the greek version of the name Egyptian Pharoh Ramses.
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
 It has taught us more about the ancient Egyptians and the Egyptian hieroglyphics.

Cuniform and the Sumerians | 3,000 BC

The Sumerians were one of the earliest types of this kind of civilization? What does that mean?They were one of the first to involve themselves with different arts.
Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?Because it is where the first form of cuniform was created.
What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?Agriculture. 

Why was Cuneiform created?It was used to keep track of business transactions.
What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
Clay tablets were wet, written on, then set out in the sun to dry.

What did Cuneiform begin as a series of? Pictograph

After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?Wedges
After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?The akkadians adopted the writings
What is a pictograph?
A drawing/ representation of something
Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture?
 They could keep track of things much better.

Visual Organization

Not directing the audience through the design is misdirecting them!

Eye Movement: The typical eye move left to right, top to bottom.

Controlling the eye movement within the composition is a matter of directing the natural scanning tendency of the viewers eye.

 The eye tends to gravitate towards the most complex areas first. The eye is attracted to things face, particularly the eye.

Light areas of a composition will attract the eye especially when adjacent to a dark area.

Diagonal lines or edges will guide eye movement.

Optical Center: The spot where the human eye tends to enter the page. Optical center is slightly above exact center and just to the left. It takes a compelling element to pull you eye away from this spot

Z-Pattern: Makes a visual sweep of the page in the shape of a Z.

Font guidelines-
Use no more than 2 fonts
Two fonts have to complement each other.
AVOID ALL CAPS.
Choose the right font.
Do not overuse fancy/complicated fonts.
www.typography.com/email/2010_032010_03/index.htm

visual hierarchy- establishes focal points based on the message
ask yourself- what are they going to see first?

Cave Paintings | 35,000 years ago

What are cave paintings?
pretty, detailed and colorful representations found on the inside of cave walls and ceilings

Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
Large animals like bison, horses or deer and tracings of human hands

How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
Paint- mixing water, plant juice, animal blood, soil, charcoal and hematite. Brushes- sticks, stones, leaves and animal hair.

What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?
Lascaux: discovered in the 1940's by four teenage boys

Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?
The tourism caused erosion to the paintings. They built an exact replica next to it.

In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?
The red hue is cause by the red clay in the soil

Who discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
Discovered by Marceline Sanz de Sautula and his daughter

What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?
Chauvet-Point arc, discovered by Elette Brunell Deschamps, Christian Hillaire and Jean- Marie Chauvet

What was different about the painting techniques at this site?
Walls were prepared to be painted on, 3d effects were etched into the walls

What is "speleology"?
Study of caves

What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?



Religious purpose, visual aid or magic

Exquisite Corpse

     This is the final product of our group's exquisite corpse project. I think it turned out well because all of the parts line up pretty well. Maybe Loic's legs could have been a bit bigger though. Other than that I think it looks fine!

#13 research and inspiration

Exquisite corpse, also known as exquisite cadaver (from the original French term cadavre exquis) or rotating corpse, is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled. Each collaborator adds to a composition in sequence. Founded by french surrealists in 1925. surrealism- art based on non realism.


inspiration- original, freaky, cool, funny, random.
Target Audience- myself

 I like the way the robot in this picture looks and I also like how the picture is painted.

I like this picture because it looks very interesting and scary/surprising 

I like this picture because the way the town is built is very interesting.